electroplating machine

1) Техника: установка для нанесения гальванический покрытий, установка для нанесения гальванических покрытий

2) Металлургия: установка для получения электролитических покрытий

3) Автоматика: установка для гальваностегии, установка для электролитического покрытия

4) Макаров: установка для нанесения гальванических покрытии

- overhead way machine

SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Metallurgy

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The son of a Birmingham chemist, Woolrich was educated at King Edward's Grammar School, Birmingham, and later became a lecturer in chemistry. As an alternative to primary cells for the supply of current for electroplating, he devised a magneto generator.

His original machine had a single compound permanent magnet; the distance between the revolving armature and the magnet could be varied to adjust the rate of deposition of metal. A more ambitious machine designed by Woolrich was constructed by Thomas Prime \& Sons in 1844 and for many years was used at their Birmingham electroplating works. Faraday, on a visit to see the machine at work, is said to have expressed delight at his discovery of electromagnetic induction being put to practical use so soon. Similar machines were in use by Elkington's, Fern and others in Birmingham and Sheffield. One of Woolrich's machines is preserved in the Birmingham Science Museum.

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SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy

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He was apprenticed to his uncles, makers of metalware, in 1815 and showed such aptitude for business that he was taken into partnership. On their deaths, Elkington assumed sole ownership of the business. In conjunction with his cousin Henry (1810–52), by unrelenting enterprise, he established an industry for electroplating and electrogilding. Up until c.1840, silver-plated goods were produced by rolling or soldering thin sheets of silver to a base metal, such as copper. Back in 1801, the English chemist William Wollaston had deposited one metal upon another by means of an electric current generated from a voltaic pile or battery. In the 1830s, certain inventors, such as Bessemer used this result to produce plated articles and these efforts in turn induced the Elkingtons to apply the method in their trade. In 1836 and 1837 they took out patents for "mercurial gilding", and one patent of 1838 refers to a separate electric current. In 1840 they bought from John Wright, a Birmingham surgeon, his discovery of what proved to be the best electroplating solution: namely, solutions of cyanides of gold and silver in potassium cyanide. They also purchased rights to use the electric machine invented by J.S. Woolrich. Armed with these techniques, the Elkingtons produced in their large new works in Newhall Street a wide range of gold-and silver-plated decorative and artistic ware. Henry was particularly active on the artistic side of the business, as was their employee Alexander Parkes. For some twenty-five years, Britain enjoyed a virtual monopoly of this kind of ware, due largely to the enterprise of the Elkingtons, although by the end of the century rising tariffs had closed many foreign markets and the lead had passed to Germany. George spent all his working life in Birmingham, taking some part in the public life of the city. He was a governor of King Edward's Grammar School and a borough magistrate. He was also a caring employer, setting up houses and schools for his workers.

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SUBJECT AREA: Recording

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He graduated from the Dover Academy (Delaware) in 1882 and was apprenticed in a machine-repair firm in Philadelphia and studied in evening classes at the Spring Garden Institute. In 1888 he took employment in a small Philadelphia machine shop owned by Andrew Scull, specializing in repair and bookbinding machinery. After travels in the western part of the US, in 1891 he became a partner in Scull \& Johnson, Manufacturing Machinists, and established a further company, the New Jersey Wire Stitching Machine Company. He bought out Andrew Scull's interest in October 1894 (the last instalment being paid in 1897) and became an independent general machinist. In 1896 he had perfected a spring motor for the Berliner flat-disc gramophone, and he started experimenting with a more direct method of recording in a spiral groove: that of cutting in wax. Co-operation with Berliner eventually led to the incorporation of the Victor Talking Machine Company in 1901. The innumerable court cases stemming from the fact that so many patents for various elements in sound recording and reproduction were in very many hands were brought to an end in 1903 when Johnson was material in establishing cross-licencing agreements between Victor, Columbia Graphophone and Edison to create what is known as a patent pool. Early on, Johnson had a thorough experience in all matters concerning the development and manufacture of both gramophones and records. He made and patented many major contributions in all these fields, and his approach was very business-like in that the contribution to cost of each part or process was always a decisive factor in his designs. This attitude was material in his consulting work for the sister company, the Gramophone Company, in London before it set up its own factories in 1910. He had quickly learned the advantages of advertising and of providing customers with durable equipment and records. This motivation was so strong that Johnson set up a research programme for determining the cause of wear in records. It turned out to depend on groove profile, and from 1911 one particular profile was adhered to and processes for transforming the grooves of valuable earlier records were developed. Without precise measuring instruments, he used the durability as the determining factor. Johnson withdrew more and more to the role of manager, and the Victor Talking Machine Company gained such a position in the market that the US anti-trust legislation was used against it. However, a generation change in the Board of Directors and certain erroneous decisions as to product line started a decline, and in February 1926 Johnson withdrew on extended sick leave: these changes led to the eventual sale of Victor. However, Victor survived due to the advent of radio and the electrification of replay equipment and became a part of Radio Corporation of America. In retirement Johnson took up various activities in the arts and sciences and financially supported several projects; his private yacht was used in 1933 in work with the Smithsonian Institution on a deep-sea hydrographie and fauna-collecting expedition near Puerto Rico.

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SUBJECT AREA: Electricity

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After completing a mechanical engineering apprenticeship Wilde commenced in business as a telegraph and lightning conductor specialist in Lancashire. Several years spent on the design of an alphabetic telegraph resulted in a number of patents. In 1864 he secured a patent for an electromagnetic generator which gave alternating current from a shuttle-wound armature, the field being excited by a small direct-current magneto. Wilde's invention was described to the Royal Society by Faraday in March 1866. When demonstrated at the Paris Exhibition of 1867, Wilde's machine produced sufficient power to maintain an arc light. The small size of the generator provided a contrast to the large and heavy magnetoelectric machines also exhibited. He discovered, by experiment, that alternators in synchronism could be connected in parallel. At about the same time John Hopkinson arrived at the same conclusions on theoretical grounds.

Between 1866 and 1877 he sold ninety-four machines with commutators for electroplating purposes, a number being purchased by Elkingtons of Birmingham. He also supplied generators for the first use of electric searchlights on battleships. In his early experiments Wilde was extremely close to the discovery of true self-excitation from remnant magnetism, a principle which he was to discover in 1867 on machines intended for electroplating. His patents proved to be financially successful and he retired from business in 1884. During the remaining thirty-five years of his life he published many scientific papers, turning from experimental work to philosophical and, finally, theological matters. His record as an inventor established him as a pioneer of electrical engineering, but his lack of scientific training was to restrict his later contributions.

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1) цех

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бессеме́ровский цех — Bessemer plant

цех блю́минга — blooming mill department

бонда́рный цех — cooperage shop

брошюро́вочный цех — book-stitching shop

вагоноремо́нтный цех — carriage repair shop

вспомога́тельный цех — service shop, service department

цех вулканиза́ции — vulcanization shop, vulcanization department

гальвани́ческий цех — electroplating shop

цех глубо́кой печа́ти — gravure department

деревообраба́тывающий цех — wood-working shop

до́менный цех — blast-furnace plant

дуби́льный цех — tan room, tanyard

заготови́тельный цех — blanking shop

зо́льный цех кож. — lime yard

инструмента́льный цех — tool (maker) shop, toolroom

кала́ндровый цех — calendering shop

кислоро́дно-конве́ртерный цех — oxygen-converter plant

консе́рвный цех — canning [preserving] shop

кормоприготови́тельный цех — feed preparation shop

кузне́чный цех — forge shop

лите́йный цех — foundry

луди́льный цех — tinning plant

марте́новский цех — open-hearth plant

механи́ческий цех — machine shop

моде́льный цех — pattern shop

монта́жный цех — erecting shop; ( монтажа электропроводки) wiring shop

набо́рный цех — composing room

о́пытный цех — pilot shop

основно́й цех ( в отличие от вспомогательных) — producing [production] department (contrasts with service departments)

цех отгру́зки гото́вой проду́кции — shipping department

отде́лочный цех

1. finishing shop, finishing department

2. кож. currying shop

переде́льный цех прок. — rerolling department

переплё́тный цех — book bindery, bookbinding department

печа́тный цех — pressroom, printing department

подготови́тельный цех рез. — stockpreparation shop

прока́тный цех — rolling-mill shop

разли́вочный цех метал. — casting plant

ремо́нтный цех — repair [maintenance] shop

сбо́рочный цех — assembling [assembly] shop, assembling department

сва́рочный цех — welding shop

сталелите́йный цех — steel(-casting) department

сталеплави́льный цех — steelmaking plant

терми́ческий цех — heat-treating department

фо́рмный цех полигр. — plateroom, plate department

формо́вочный цех — moulding shop

цех холо́дной листово́й штампо́вки — sheet-metal pressworking shop

цех холо́дной объё́мной штампо́вки — cold-die-forging shop

цех цветно́го литья́ — non-ferrous foundry

чугунолите́йный цех — iron foundry

электроремо́нтный цех — electrical repair shop

электросталеплави́льный цех — electric-furnace (melting) shop

цех электроста́нции, коте́льный — boiler department

цех электроста́нции, маши́нный — engine [turbine] department

цех электроста́нции, турби́нный — turbine department

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